The engine oil is not merely the oil but a mix of friction lubricators, viscosity supporting agents, and corrosion inhibitors, all aspects serving a vital function in moving the engine seamlessly.
The combustion process causes the fluid to lose its richness and vigor, turning the hues into dark shades while also impacting its viscosity, lubrication properties, and rust-inhibiting capacities.
The oil filter is designed to protect the engine by expunging those foreign particulates, however, over time, its efficiency in doing so diminishes, causing accumulation of dirt, contaminants, and various other grimy substances which is why it is recommended to change the filter with every oil change.